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In the tech industry, 2021 was a year of profits and pivots.<\/p>\n
Thanks in part to the pandemic and the digitization of our lives, all of the big tech companies got bigger. Facebook changed its name<\/a> to Meta, Jeff Bezos went to space<\/a>, Jack Dorsey left Twitter<\/a> and Silicon Valley fell harder for crypto<\/a>.<\/p>\n Every December, partly to cheer myself up after a year of covering tech\u2019s scandals and shortfalls, I use this column to lift up a handful of tech projects that improved the world during the year. My criteria are somewhat loose and arbitrary, but I look for the kinds of worthy, altruistic projects that apply technology to big, societal problems, and that don\u2019t get much attention from the tech press, like start-ups that are using artificial intelligence to fight wildfires<\/a>, or food-delivery programs<\/a> for the needy.<\/p>\n Especially at a time when many of tech\u2019s leaders seem more interested in building new, virtual worlds<\/a> than improving the world we live in, it\u2019s worth praising the technologists who are stepping up to solve some of our biggest problems.<\/p>\n So here, without further ado, are this year\u2019s Good Tech Awards.<\/p>\n One of the year\u2019s most exciting A.I. breakthroughs came in July, when DeepMind \u2014 a Google-owned artificial intelligence company \u2014 published data and open-source code<\/a> from its groundbreaking AlphaFold project.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n The project, which used A.I. to predict the structures of proteins, solved a problem that had vexed scientists for decades, and was hailed by experts<\/a> as one of the greatest scientific discoveries of all time. And by publishing its data freely, AlphaFold set off a frenzy among researchers, some of whom are already using it<\/a> to develop new drugs and better understand the proteins involved in viruses like SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n Google\u2019s overall A.I. efforts have been fraught with controversy<\/a> and missteps, but AlphaFold seems like an unequivocally good use of the company\u2019s vast expertise and resources.<\/p>\n People love eating meat. But the industrial-farm system that produces the vast majority of the world\u2019s meat supply is an ethical and environmental disaster, and plant-based substitutes haven\u2019t caught on widely with carnivores. Hence the importance of cultured meat \u2014 which is grown from cells in a lab<\/a>, rather than taken from slaughtered animals \u2014 and which might be tech\u2019s answer to our global meat addiction.<\/p>\n Despite more than a decade of research and development, cultured meat is still far too expensive and hard to produce. But that may be changing soon, thanks to the efforts of dozens of start-ups including Upside Foods, Mosa Meat and Wildtype.<\/p>\n Upside Foods<\/a>, formerly known as Memphis Meats, opened a 53,000-square-foot plant in California this year, and announced<\/a> it had figured out a way to grow cells into meat without using animal components.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Mosa Meat<\/a>, a Dutch cultivated-meat start-up, announced major breakthroughs in its technology, too, including a method of growing animal fat<\/a> that is 98 percent cheaper than the previous method.<\/p>\n And Wildtype<\/a>, a San Francisco start-up that is producing lab-grown seafood<\/a>, released a new, cell-based salmon product this year that is getting good reviews<\/a> in early tests, even though it hasn\u2019t yet been approved by the F.D.A.<\/p>\n Prisons aren\u2019t known as hotbeds of innovation. But two tech projects this year tried to make our criminal justice system more humane.<\/p>\n Recidiviz<\/a> is a nonprofit tech start-up that builds open-source data tools for criminal justice reform. It was started by Clementine Jacoby, a former Google employee who saw an opportunity to corral data about the prison system and make it available to prison officials, lawmakers, activists and researchers to inform their decisions. Its tools are in use in seven states, including North Dakota, where the data tools helped prison officials assess the risk of Covid-19 outbreaks and identify incarcerated people who were eligible for early release.<\/p>\n Ameelio<\/a>, a nonprofit start-up founded by two Yale students and backed by tech honchos like Jack Dorsey and Eric Schmidt, is trying to disrupt prison communications, a notoriously exploitative industry that charges inmates and their loved ones exorbitant fees for phone and video calls. This year, it released a free video calling service<\/a>, which is being tested in prisons in Iowa and Colorado, with plans to add more states next year.<\/p>\n When I first heard about experimental efforts to 3-D print houses a few years ago, I dismissed them as a novelty. But 3-D printing technology has improved steadily since then, and is now being used to build actual houses in the United States and abroad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n 3-D printing houses has several advantages: It\u2019s significantly cheaper and faster than traditional construction (houses can be 3-D printed in as little as 24 hours) and can be made using local materials in parts of the world where concrete is hard to come by.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n ICON,<\/a> a construction technology company based in Texas, has 3-D printed more than two dozen structures so far. Its technology was used to print homes in a village in Mexico this year, and the company plans to break ground<\/a> next year on a development in Austin, Tex., that will consist entirely of 3-D printed houses.<\/p>\n Mighty Buildings<\/a>, based in Oakland, Calif., is taking a slightly different approach. It sells prefab home kits consisting of 3-D printed panels that are made in a factory and assembled on-site. Its homes are powered by solar panels and loaded with energy-efficient features, and it recently struck a deal to 3-D print 15 houses in a subdivision in Rancho Mirage, Calif.<\/p>\n Our national housing crisis, it should be said, is not primarily a tech problem. Bad zoning and tax laws, NIMBY protectionism and other factors have played a part<\/a> in making housing unaffordable for many. But it\u2019s comforting to know that if and when local and state governments get their acts together and start building more housing, 3-D printing could help speed up the process.<\/p>\n Few tech stories made as big an impact this year as the revelations from Frances Haugen, the former Facebook product manager turned whistle-blower <\/a>who was the main source for The Wall Street Journal\u2019s blockbuster \u201cFacebook Files<\/a>\u201d series. By making public thousands of documents detailing internal Facebook research and discussions about the platform\u2019s harms, Ms. Haugen advanced our collective knowledge about Facebook\u2019s inner workings, and her congressional testimony<\/a> was a landmark moment for tech accountability.<\/p>\n Shortly after Ms. Haugen went public, two former members of Facebook\u2019s integrity team, Jeff Allen and Sahar Massachi, started the Integrity Institute<\/a>, a nonprofit that is meant to help social media companies navigate thorny issues around trust, safety and platform governance. Their announcement got less attention than Ms. Haugen\u2019s document dump, but it\u2019s all part of the same worthy effort to educate lawmakers, technologists and the public about making our social media ecosystem healthier.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n Ms. Scott, who got divorced from Jeff Bezos in 2019, is not a tech founder or a start-up maven. But she is giving away her Amazon fortune \u2014 estimated to be worth more than $50 billion \u2014 at a pace that makes other tech philanthropists look like penny-pinchers.<\/p>\n She donated more than $6 billion in 2021 alone<\/a> to a host of charities, schools and social programs, an astonishing feat for an individual working with a small team of advisers. (For scale, the entire Gates Foundation gave out $5.8 billion in direct grants in 2020.)<\/p>\n And unlike other donors, who splash their names on buildings and museum wings, Ms. Scott announced her gifts quietly in a series of understated blog posts<\/a>. Let\u2019s hope that in 2022, more tech moguls follow her lead.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nTo DeepMind, for cracking the protein problem (and publishing its work)<\/h2>\n
To Upside Foods, Mosa Meat and Wildtype, for pushing lab-grown meat toward the mainstream<\/h2>\n
To Recidiviz and Ameelio, for bringing better tech to the criminal justice system<\/h2>\n
To ICON and Mighty Buildings, for using 3-D printing to address the housing crisis<\/h2>\n
To Frances Haugen and the Integrity Institute, for helping to clean up social media<\/h2>\n
And an honorary mention to MacKenzie Scott, for becoming the world\u2019s fastest philanthropist<\/h2>\n