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The next time you are accused of doing something you did not do, you may want to check your anger at the door.<\/p>\n
New research from the University of Virginia has found that such strong reactions lead others to assume the worst: that you did exactly what you have been accused of doing.<\/p>\n
Gabrielle Adams, an assistant professor with joint appointments in the Frank Batten School of Leadership and Public Policy and in the Darden School of Business, is a co-author of a new article published in the journal Psychological Science, titled \u201cAnger Damns the Innocent.\u201d<\/p>\n
The title is apt. \u201cThe <\/strong>basic finding is that people think that anger is a cue to someone\u2019s guilt,\u201d Adams said. \u201cBut if anything, it\u2019s more likely to be a cue of innocence.<\/p>\n\u201cWe <\/strong>conducted four studies showing that people think that anger is a cue to guilt, and two studies showing that people who are falsely accused, versus rightfully accused, are actually more likely to be angry,\u201d Adams said.<\/p>\nIn one of the studies, Adams\u2019 team gave participants a scenario in which a co-worker had been accused of stealing a computer. The accused co-worker, who was part of the experiment, was told to react in one of three ways: express anger, remain calm or remain silent (a right granted under the Constitution). \u201cWhat we found was that people thought that the co-worker who expressed anger was the most guilty,\u201d Adams said.<\/p>\n
In another experiment, the researchers presented someone accused of robbery and assault, and found that, again, angry reactions were associated with guilt. Here, the researchers asked fraud investigators and people working in criminal justice to weigh in on a person\u2019s innocence or guilt.<\/p>\n
Finally, the researchers conducted an experiment in which they falsely or rightfully accused participants of not following study directions. \u201cWhen we falsely accused someone of cheating for pay, they were more likely to be angry than when we rightfully accused them,\u201d Adams said.<\/p>\n
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Adams broadly studies perceptions of wrongdoing and ethical transgressions. She and her collaborators Katy DeCelles of the University of Toronto, Holly Howe of Duke University and Leslie John of Harvard University note there is a lot of behavioral science supporting the premise that people are not accurate when it comes to being able to tell whether someone is lying or telling the truth.<\/p>\n
\u201cPeople think they are reliable detectors of guilt, but they are actually not,\u201d Adams said. \u201cSo, <\/strong>we wanted to add to that literature and show that the emotions that people express in reaction to being accused do matter, and that they have important implications for a lot of steps in the justice process.\u201d<\/p>\nAdams said the findings can be used in a variety of ways. \u201cThere are so many contexts in which we have to detect and eventually accuse people of wrongdoing, whether it\u2019s in organizational contexts or criminal justice contexts or other situations.\u201d<\/p>\n
When assessing someone\u2019s innocence or guilt based on an angry reaction, Adams said that it might help to shift mindsets from \u201cI wonder if this person is guilty?\u201d to \u201cI wonder of this person is innocent?\u201d<\/p>\n
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