LONDON \u2013 To understand how the world really<\/em> works, the tutor is explaining to our group of trainee \u201csovereign citizens,\u201d you have to grasp the concept of \u201cword spells.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n For example, she says, when a judge or police officer asks if we \u201cunderstand\u201d them, we should never say yes \u2013 because they\u2019re really asking if we \u201cstand under\u201d them, or submit to their authority. Saying \u201cI comprehend\u201d<\/a> would avoid that pitfall.<\/p>\n <\/span> To illustrate the \u201cword spell\u201d concept further, she writes the phrase \u201cbuild back better\u201d on the whiteboard \u2013 a slogan adopted by the UK and US governments for their pandemic-recovery programmes \u2013 and asks if we notice anything about it.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Then she excitedly circles the lower-case \u201cb\u2019s,\u201d which sort-of-but-don\u2019t-really resemble 6s.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThat\u2019s right!\u201d she says. \u201c6-6-6!\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n I\u2019m here undercover, amid a group of COVID \u201ctruthers\u201d in a chilly community hall in southwest London, for a crash course in \u201csovereign citizen\u201d ideology.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n It\u2019s an arcane anti-government conspiracy theory, with roots in US far-right \u201cpatriot\u201d groups, that peddles the idea that followers can essentially declare themselves exempt from laws they don\u2019t like by decoupling themselves from their supposed \u201ccontract\u201d with the government.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n A slide shown at the course. PHOTO: TIM HUME<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n This once-obscure ideology has gained unprecedented currency during the pandemic as it has become a driving force of anti-vax, COVID \u201ctruther\u201d movements in the UK and around the world, giving them a framework they believe allows them to fight back against coronavirus vaccines, vax-passes, and other restrictions \u2013 but also more broadly against the sinister forces supposedly orchestrating the pandemic.<\/p>\n <\/span> My six fellow classmates all hail from recognisable strands of the COVID conspiracist \u201cfreedom\u201d movement, seeing the world through the prism of corona truther Telegram groups, whose members believe that the pandemic is some kind of plot by elites to oppress the masses.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n There\u2019s a middle-class midwife; a veteran anti-vaxxer; a hippyish alternative lifestyler who casually states that the deadly Travis Scott concert stampede in November was actually a case of Satanic blood sacrifice. There\u2019s a 30-something couple, both health and wellness enthusiasts<\/a>; and a young Black father, who explains that he\u2019s currently locked in a fierce dispute with the NHS staff treating his sick newborn over his refusal to follow hospital COVID protocols.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: The new-agers and wellness influencers lost to COVID conspiracy theories<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n We\u2019ve all paid \u00a320 ($26) to attend this day-long training workshop to become \u201cpeace constables\u201d \u2013\u00a0 a self-appointed, vigilante police force, who sovereign citizens claim have the authority to enforce their own interpretation of the law, including carrying out \u201ccommon law arrests.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Over the past year, these \u201cpeace constables\u201d<\/a> \u2013 also known as \u201ccommon law constables\u201d \u2013 have been at the forefront of a string of increasingly extreme direct action protests in the UK, targeting locations and individuals associated with the COVID vaccine programme. It\u2019s a\u00a0 clear trajectory of radicalisation that\u2019s alarmed counter-terrorism officials<\/a> and researchers, and has prompted VICE World News to come here today, under an assumed identity, to find out exactly what the movement believes.<\/p>\n <\/span> READ: \u201cPeace constables\u201d can\u2019t just dress up as cops, UK court rules<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Despite the movement\u2019s insistence that sovereign citizens must do no harm, its followers are becoming increasingly militant as they\u2019ve seized on the QAnon-influenced narrative that their battle against COVID vaccines is an apocalyptic fight to \u201csave the children\u201d from predatory, conspiring elites.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Videos taken by vigilante posses of sovereign citizens, shared on COVID-conspiracy Telegram channels, show peace constables storming vaccination centres and ordering them to shut down, threatening to arrest police and other public officials. These are the people you now regularly see in online videos, filming themselves \u201cserving notice\u201d \u2013 delivering their baseless, pseudolegal threats \u2013 at schools, hospitals, or private homes, accusing their unfortunate targets of \u201ccrimes against humanity,\u201d and warning that they need to stop COVID vaccine rollouts or face trial in a \u201ccommon law court.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n A hardline group, calling itself Alpha Team Assemble<\/a> and led by former soldiers, has been holding combat training sessions in preparation for what it deems a \u201cwar\u201d on the government.\u00a0 Meanwhile, the movement\u2019s rhetoric has become increasingly unhinged and violent towards their supposed enemies: politicians, officials, and anyone else associated with the COVID vaccine rollout.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span> READ: COVID conspiracy theorists hold combat training sessions in UK<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThese dirty, disgusting governments, police, doctors, nurses \u2013 we know who our enemy is now,\u201d a prominent anti-vax influencer known as Truth Pills Danny, ranted in a video posted to Telegram after attending an Alpha Team Assemble training session held in West Sussex, south-east England in December.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Sovereign citizens routinely issue threats of violent retribution, with many spouting fantasies of a so-called \u201cNuremberg 2.0\u201d<\/a> when the supposed architects of the pandemic will be put on mass trial and executed.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cYou\u2019re all going to the gallows!\u201d another British sovereign citizen yelled at a courthouse full of magistrates and lawyers late last year, after storming the facility to \u201cserve papers,\u201d in a video viewed by VICE World News on Telegram.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Experts have followed the spread of this radical rhetoric across the world during the pandemic with growing alarm. Christine Sarteschi, an associate professor of social work and criminology at Pittsburgh’s Chatham University, has tracked sovereign citizen activity in the anti-lockdown movements of more than 20 countries.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThey\u2019ve come to believe that if the government isn\u2019t legitimate, then they can\u2019t tell me what to do, I can do what I want,\u201d she tells me over a phone call, some days after the training course.<\/p>\n <\/span> \u201cI see these people as outlaws. It\u2019s a threat to democracy to have people believing that they can continually do whatever they want.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n As we jot down notes in the classroom, our tutor, a veteran conspiracy theorist named Gayatri Monani, stands before a whiteboard, telling us about her pathway to being \u201cawakened.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Affable and well-spoken, Monani\u2019s day job is as a neuro-linguistic programming practitioner \u2013\u00a0a form of therapy that\u2019s been discredited as pseudoscientific. Her moment of becoming \u201cswitched on,\u201d she says, came back in 2008, when she stayed up one night watching a long video by infamous British conspiracy theorist David Icke<\/a> until 5AM.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cOnce your mind\u2019s been blown open, there’s no going back,\u201d she says, smiling at the memory of that first conspiracy hit.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The enduring influence of Icke \u2013 a former footballer whose antisemitic conspiracy theories about shape-shifting \u201creptilian\u201d elites have found followers around the world, and whose son hosts a popular COVID conspiracist online channel \u2013\u00a0is clearly apparent on Monani. At one point, while discussing the oath sworn by police, she refuses to say the name of Queen Elizabeth II, saying she can only bear to refer to her as \u201cLizard.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Our course is organised by a group called Guardians 300, just one of a number of sovereign citizen outfits in the UK providing training to become peace constables. Set up by a former British soldier, Guardians 300 claims to have trained more than 2,500 people in \u201ccommon law\u201d in the UK. The group\u2019s website shows its members, most of them middle aged, wearing khaki T-shirts and camo hats bearing its logo, a Roman centurion\u2019s helmet.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span> By the end of the day, I\u2019ll be one of them myself, issued with my own laminated peace constable \u201cwarrant card\u201d bearing my photograph.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The training, a series of tutorials and role plays, is a crash course in sovereign citizen ideology \u2013 a weird mix of pseudo-legal jargon, anti-government sentiment, and magical thinking.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: Sovereign citizens tried to capture a Scottish castle<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Essentially, the ideology hinges around the notion that there\u2019s a distinction between the \u201csovereign, living man or woman\u201d \u2013 our corporal, flesh and blood selves \u2013 and our fictional, legal identities, created in our birth certificates. Our sovereign selves, their bizarre theory goes, are answerable to \u201cnatural law\u201d of the universe, but not those of the government, which sovereign citizens view as merely a corporation, albeit one controlled by shadowy, dark forces.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Thus, \u201cawakened\u201d sovereign citizens are free to ignore the laws of the land or make their own, perform \u201ccommon law arrests,\u201d and even place enemies on trial in \u201ccommon law courts.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n While common law is a genuine legal term, referring to the system of laws grounded in customs and earlier court decisions, as opposed to those enacted by Parliament, the sovereign citizen movement misuses it to refer to its own system of flawed legal interpretations and theories. Activists claim they will use this \u201ccommon law\u201d to prosecute officials, shut down COVID vaccination sites, or set up their own separatist schools<\/a> to shield their children from the corrupt establishment.<\/p>\n <\/span> READ: Sovereign citizens are trying to set up their own anti-vax schools in the UK<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Much of their strategy is essentially rhetorical game-playing, using bogus legal arguments to try to evade accountability under the law. It revolves around a series of outright falsehoods: that governments have no authority, that our names don\u2019t represent us, that we don\u2019t need to pay taxes or mortgages, that police are just regular people wearing fancy dress. In an example of the wordplay that the sovereign citizens are fond of, they refuse to call them police officers, referring to them instead as \u201cpolicy officers\u201d \u2013 supposedly because they merely enforce the policy of a \u201ccorporation,\u201d the government.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Guardians 300 claims to have already sworn in 850 peace constables, admittedly a long way short of their stated goal of eventually having 60,000 in London alone. The vision, Monani explains, is that the peace constables will one day be a \u201csovereign\u201d police force, larger and more powerful than the actual police force they are \u201cmirroring.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cWe\u2019re mirroring them because they\u2019re no longer acting in accordance with their own principles,\u201d says Monani, who, along with the Guardians 300 organisation, did not respond to a VICE World News request for comment. Once the peace constable movement reaches a critical mass, she hopes the balance will shift, and they\u2019ll be able to start putting their enemies on trial.<\/p>\n <\/span> Sovereign citizen ideology has its roots in a racist, far-right anti-government US group, the Posse Comitatus \u2013 Latin for \u201cpower of the county\u201d \u2013 which emerged in the late 1960s. The group\u2019s members claimed they had the legal right to form a posse of sheriffs to hunt down criminals, and did not need to pay taxes.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n In the decades since, its spread in various forms around the world as a decentralised movement, with followers adapting the ideology to the country they\u2019re in. In Germany, they\u2019re known as \u201cReichsbuerger,\u201d<\/a> claiming to be citizens of the pre-war German Reich which they insist still exists, and has legitimacy over the modern Federal Republic. In the UK, they typically reference Article 61 of Magna Carta<\/a> \u2013 the 800-year-old charter of rights signed by England\u2019s King John to appease a group of disgruntled barons \u2013 falsely asserting it gives them the right to rebel against unjust laws.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: Inside the far-right conspiracy movement that\u2019s preparing for a showdown with the German government<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n There\u2019s often a grift<\/a> attached<\/a> to sovereign citizen operations, such as mortgage frauds or financial scams<\/a>. One UK sovereign citizen group offers businesses who pay a monthly fee the services of peace constables to intervene if they\u2019re in disputes with the council or police \u2013 a kind of common law protection racket.<\/p>\n <\/span> Sovereign citizens have been linked to acts<\/a> of deadly violence<\/a>, as their ideology places them on an inevitable collision course with the authorities, and they\u2019ve been recognised as a security threat in the UK, US, and Germany, among other countries. Despite this, there\u2019s been a tendency to view them more as delusional kooks \u2013 pests who bombard courts with barrages of meaningless legal documents, a tactic known as \u201cpaper terrorism,\u201d in their attempts to escape paying fines or taxes \u2013 rather than as dangerous extremists.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n During the pandemic, though, something has shifted. As the ideology has become central to the COVID conspiracist movement worldwide, sovereign citizens have become less concerned about weaselling out of paying their council tax, and consumed by the QAnon-influenced narrative that they\u2019re locked in an urgent, apocalyptic spiritual battle against forces of evil, to stop the elites from carrying out a genocide through the \u201cbioweapon\u201d of the COVID vaccine.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cYou have this Satanic agenda we\u2019re living under at the moment \u2013 they\u2019ve got to push this agenda,\u201d says Monani, who, like many in the movement, repeatedly cites transgender rights as a symptom of this spiritually fallen society.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cWe have to decide what side of the fence we\u2019re on: are we on the side of the Satanists; or God or universal energy?\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span> Many COVID conspiracists have embraced sovereign citizen beliefs<\/a> as their great hope, experts say, because they see the ideology as a useful tool in waging this battle, experts say.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: Anti-vaxxers are using Facebook to spread sovereign citizen conspiracies<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Joe Ondrak, head of investigation for Logically, an organisation which combats online misinformation, says that the fringe ideology has taken on an unexpected new life in conspiracy-addled COVID \u201ctruther\u201d Telegram groups around the world.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cIt appeals because it gives them what they believe to be a legal justification and framework for their anger and beliefs and action,\u201d he tells me over a phone call, days after the course.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n But the hope offered by the ideology is, of course, a false one.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Sovereign citizen arguments are completely meritless legal gibberish, that only ever provoke bafflement or annoyance when they\u2019re actually tried out in a court of law. Meanwhile their strategies, like paper terrorism, only ever work \u2013\u00a0on the rare occasions they do at all \u2013 by intimidating their targets, or leading them to figure that it\u2019s just not worth the hassle of butting heads with such a threatening, incomprehensible group over minor issues.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n When it comes to their current overarching goal of halting the rollout of COVID vaccines, though, their tactics are, unsurprisingly, proving completely ineffectual.<\/p>\n <\/span> READ: UK anti-vaxxers are staking everything on a supposed police investigation that doesn\u2019t exist<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n And that carries its own dangers. Experts such as Jan Rathje, a German political scientist who has studied his country\u2019s Reichbuerger sovereign citizen scene for nearly a decade, note the harmful way in which the belief in the ideology pushes followers further into a delusional fantasy world. Paranoid, detached from reality, and frustrated with the failure to accomplish their goals, they can become at risk of committing radical, violent acts, or of volatile responses when the consequences of their actions finally catch up with them.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n That\u2019s a dynamic that\u2019s played out in two high-profile Reichsbuerger shootings in recent years, resulting in sovereign citizens shooting police who had come to their homes to evict them<\/a> or confiscate their weapons.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n In the UK, there are already plenty of signs of frustration within the movement at the failure of their current tactics, and calls for more radical action. One message on a COVID conspiracist Telegram group in January called for former police and soldiers to form a unit to \u201carrest the people committing the crimes\u201d under common law for supposed \u201ccrimes against humanity.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cThe notices are not working,\u201d read the message. \u201cThe whole fucking system is satanic and evil to the core\u2026 It\u2019s time we take things into our own hands.\u201d<\/p>\n <\/span> Back in the classroom, as the day wears on, some of Monani\u2019s more questionable claims are arousing occasionally sceptical responses from some of the trainees. That includes her claim that, if a police officer refuses to show their warrant after being asked three times, then you can request that another officer arrest them for impersonating a police officer.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The young father who is locked in a dispute with the NHS repeatedly asks Monani to give examples of when this has actually worked.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n But she brushes aside his requests, and is similarly vague when asked for the sources of other claims, such as that just 7 percent of interpersonal communication is verbal, while 55 percent is body language.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cI don\u2019t know\u2026 just something I know, have known for a long time,\u201d she replies.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: How the sovereign citizen movement convinces desperate parents to ignore laws<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n It\u2019s apparent that, quite aside from the threat of violent radicalisation, the delusional advice being given has the potential to swiftly create real havoc in these people\u2019s lives.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The young father reveals that he has already brought in a sovereign citizen \u201clegal adviser\u201d to act as his representative in his dealings with the hospital treating his sick newborn.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n And alarm bells ring when the eldest, and by outward appearances, most vulnerable member of the group \u2013 a woman who claims her adult son was \u201cdamaged\u201d by a childhood vaccine \u2013 asks Monani if the sovereign citizens can provide financial advice for those, like her, who are struggling to make ends meet.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAbsolutely,\u201d says the trainer, and encourages her to reach out to people on conspiracist Telegram groups for advice on how she can simply stop paying her bills.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n READ: How to spot the secret signals of sovereign citizens<\/a><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n At the end of the day, four of the group of seven, including myself, put our hands up to be sworn in as peace constables. We\u2019re advised to get body cams, and burner phones, if possible.\u00a0<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The other three indicate that while they still intend to be involved in the \u201cfreedom\u201d movement, they\u2019re unready or unsuited to a frontline role as peace officers.<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n As we wait to have our photos taken for the \u201cwarrant cards\u201d that will allow us to join local \u201cconstabularies,\u201d my fellow new \u201crecruits\u201d acknowledge that they\u2019re playing a long game, seeing themselves as the embryo of an \u201cawakened\u201d movement they hope will one day be large and powerful enough to enforce their own version of reality on the world.<\/p>\n<\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div>\n