{"id":34540,"date":"2022-08-07T01:59:19","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T01:59:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/?p=34540"},"modified":"2022-08-07T01:59:19","modified_gmt":"2022-08-07T01:59:19","slug":"why-a-small-number-of-criminals-perpetrate-the-worst-crimes-in-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/07\/why-a-small-number-of-criminals-perpetrate-the-worst-crimes-in-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Why a small number of criminals perpetrate the worst crimes in America"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> [ad_1]<\/p>\n<div>\n<aside class=\"single__inline-module alignleft\">\n<\/aside>\n<p>In the summer of 2019, Brittany Hill was 24, and walking with her toddler daughter through Chicago\u2019s Austin neighborhood when a sedan slowly approached, and two men opened fire. <\/p>\n<p>Caught in a gang shootout, Hill shielded her child as bullets flew, hiding them both behind the bumper of a parked car. Though two men rushed to her aid, it was too late. Hill died at the hospital, and her daughter was left motherless at just one year old.<\/p>\n<p>The horrific episode \u2014 captured on a Chicago police surveillance camera and \u201cone of the most tragic videos I had ever seen,\u201d according to New York criminologist Rafael A. Mangual \u2014 quickly led to the arrests of two men: Michael Washington, 39, and Eric Adams, 23. <\/p>\n<p>Both had long records, but Washington\u2019s stood out: nine felony convictions, including second-degree murder in 2004, and a previous attempted murder charge reduced to battery in a plea deal.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/michael-washington-eric-adams.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/michael-washington-eric-adams.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"Michael Williams (left) and Eric Adams were convicted of killing young Chicago mother Brittany Hill in 2019. Like the majority of violent offenders in big cities across America, both Williams and Adams had long rap sheets. \" class=\"wp-image-23340155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/michael-washington-eric-adams.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/michael-washington-eric-adams.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/michael-washington-eric-adams.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Michael Williams (left) and Eric Adams were convicted of killing young Chicago mother Brittany Hill in 2019. Like the majority of violent offenders in big cities across America, both Williams and Adams had long rap sheets. <\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">Chicago police<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cWhat on earth were these guys \u2014 <em>especially Washington<\/em> \u2014 doing out on the street?\u201d Mangual wondered. That question led him to investigate crime and punishment in America with his new book, \u201c<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Criminal-Justice-Decarceration-Depolicing-Wrong\/dp\/1546001514\/?tag=nypost-20&amp;asc_refurl=https:\/\/nypost.com\/2022\/08\/06\/why-a-small-number-of-criminals-perpetrate-the-worst-crimes-in-america\/&amp;asc_source=web\" rel=\"nofollow noreferrer noopener\">Criminal (In) Justice: What the Push for Decarceration and Depolicing Gets Wrong and Who It Hurts Most<\/a>\u201d (Center Street), out now. <\/p>\n<p>Using a wide range of stats, Mangual shows that most American violent crime is perpetrated by a small number of criminals \u2014 primarily young men with long rap sheets \u2014 and that gun violence affects an equally small minority of Americans,\u00a0mainly in New York, Chicago and other large metro areas.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/brittany-hill-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/brittany-hill-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"Young mother Brittany Hill was killed in Chicago in 2019 while walking with her daughter. Both of her assailants had extensive criminal histories, including one with nine felony convictions. \" class=\"wp-image-23338016\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/brittany-hill-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1535 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/brittany-hill-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/brittany-hill-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Young mother Brittany Hill was killed in Chicago in 2019 while walking with her daughter. Both of her assailants had extensive criminal histories, including one with nine felony convictions. <\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">Facebook<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Just two percent of all US counties account for half the nation\u2019s homicides,\u00a0he writes, and depending on the location as many as 95 percent of the victims are black or Hispanic.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIf you were to randomly drop 10,000 people over the United States, the overwhelming majority of them will land someplace with a murder rate close to zero,\u201d he writes. \u201cAn unlucky few, however, will drop into neighborhoods with homicide rates rivaling those of some of the most dangerous places in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Among recent shooting victims was 16-year-old Kahlik Grier, gunned down in January 2021 in the stairwell of his Bronx apartment building. One of the suspects, Desire Louree, had been released from jail just a month before the murder.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/thaddeus-victoria-jimenez-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/thaddeus-victoria-jimenez-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"Thaddeus Jimenez, here with mother Victoria, served 16 years in prison before his murder convictions was overturned. Rather than reform himself, Jimenez returned to a life of crime upon his release. \" class=\"wp-image-23338013\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/thaddeus-victoria-jimenez-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1535 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/thaddeus-victoria-jimenez-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/thaddeus-victoria-jimenez-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Thaddeus Jimenez, here with mother Victoria, served 16 years in prison before his murder convictions was overturned. Rather than reform himself, Jimenez returned to a life of crime upon his release. <\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">AP<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cLouree had open cases for gun possession and attempted murder \u2014 the former from 2019, and the latter stemming from a 2020 shooting in Brooklyn,\u201d Mangual writes.<\/p>\n<p>The root cause of our sky-high murder problem, he argues, is \u201cthe antisocial dispositions of violent criminals and a street culture that elevates violence as both a legitimate means of dispute resolution and a basis for respect.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A key example is convicted killer Thaddeus \u201cT.J.\u201d Jimenez. After being awarded $25 million in 2012 over a wrongful conviction,\u00a0he had a golden chance to give up the thug\u2019s life in Chicago.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"A Chicago police officer stands guard at the shooting of an off-duty police officer. In high-violence cities such as Chicago, the murder rates are among the highest in the entire Western world.\" class=\"wp-image-23338003\" width=\"618\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1233 1236w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=925 927w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=618 618w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=308 309w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-police-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>A Chicago police officer stands guard at the shooting of an off-duty police officer. In high-violence cities such as Chicago, the murder rates are among the highest in the entire Western world.<\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">Jason Wambsgans\/Chicago Tribune\/Tribune News Service via Getty Images<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cJimenez could have gone anywhere in the world to lead one of the many lives his newfound wealth would have sustained,\u201d writes Mangual, \u201cInstead, he went back to his West Side Chicago neighborhood and doubled down on the gangbanger lifestyle.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In 2015, Jimenez shot a man twice as he was getting out of his car. \u201cSo far as I can tell, the victim was not robbed, and there was no indication that he owed Jimenez a cent \u2014 let alone an amount large enough to matter to someone recently graced with an eight-figure windfall.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangual also examines a commonly accepted belief \u2014 among liberals but also some conservatives \u2014 that America locks up too many people. Despite comprising just five percent of the world\u2019s population, the argument goes, we have 25 percent of its inmates, and something must be done to reduce those numbers.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-murders.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"522\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-murders.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"In 2019, 53% of the 492 homicides in Chicago were confined to just 10 neighborhoods \u2014 a pattern that is seen in cities across the US.\" class=\"wp-image-23337695\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-murders.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-murders.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-murders.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption><strong>CHICAGO\u2019S MOST DANGEROUS \u2018HOODS:<\/strong> In 2019, 53% of the 492 homicides in Chicago were confined to just 10 neighborhoods \u2014 a pattern that is seen in cities across the US.<\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">NY Post<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>But it is wrong to base the \u201cmass incarceration\u201d theory on the large number of people we imprison compared with other developed nations, because America has vastly more violent inmates who kill or maim with guns,\u00a0he writes.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Mangual\u00a0notes that in 2018, Germany, England and Wales collectively had 3,197 homicides spread out over 142.2 million people, a rate of 2.24 per 100,000. That same year, there were a combined 337 killings among just 472,604 people in 11 inner city areas of Chicago, Baltimore, Detroit and St. Louis \u2014 a rate of 71.3 per 100,000.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis gap in homicide victimization rates goes a long way toward explaining America\u2019s comparatively higher incarceration rate, particularly given the fact that many of the countries we are unfavorably compared to respond equally punitively to homicide convicts, who constitute a significant slice of our prison population,\u201d he writes.<\/p>\n<p>Weapons offenses, he adds, \u201caccount for similar percentages of the UK\u2019s and US\u2019s adult prison populations, but with somewhere in the range of 400 million firearms in the US compared to just 4 million in the UK, the US simply has a greater number of gun offenders.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>He also pushes back on the theory that our prison population is overly bloated with minor drug-use offenders being unfairly held behind bars.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNotwithstanding the widely held belief that incarceration is driven by the drug war, just 14.1 percent of state prisoners were incarcerated primarily for a drug offense, and the vast majority of them were in primarily for trafficking, as opposed to possession \u2014 an offense category that constitutes less than 4 percent of the state prison population.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/kahlik-grier-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/kahlik-grier-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"Kahlik Grier was just 16-years-old when he was gunned down in January 2021 at his Bronx apartment building. One of his assailants had\u00a0just been released from prison.\" class=\"wp-image-23337978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/kahlik-grier-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1535 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/kahlik-grier-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/kahlik-grier-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Kahlik Grier was just 16-years-old when he was gunned down in January 2021 at his Bronx apartment building. One of his alleged assailants, Desire Louree, had\u00a0just been released from prison.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Even that 4 percent includes inmates who likely\u00a0committed more serious crimes but pled guilty to lesser charges such as drug possession, he argues.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, he writes, the US justice system is actually lenient toward the worst offenders.<\/p>\n<p>According to a 2017 study on violent crime in Chicago, \u201con average, someone arrested for a homicide or shooting had nearly 12 prior arrests. Almost 20 percent of Chicago shooters and killers had more than 20 priors.\u201d He cites a 2018 federal report that says 30 percent of convicted murderers and 64 percent of convicted rapists\/sexual assailants nationwide were out in less than 10 years.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?w=682\" alt=\"At the time of Grier\u2019s shooting, Louree had open cases for gun possession and attempted murder. \" class=\"wp-image-23337993\" width=\"618\" height=\"927\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1236 1236w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=926 927w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=618 618w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=309 309w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/desire-louree-2-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>At the time of Grier\u2019s shooting, Louree had open cases for gun possession and attempted murder. <\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">Brooklyn DA<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cContrary to the widespread belief that we regularly lock offenders away and throw away the key \u2026 the average state prisoner serves just 44 percent of his sentence before he is released.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And what about the epidemic of police violence?<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s not happening, Mangual claims.<\/p>\n<p>He\u2019s not discounting the horror of cops who kill,\u00a0and he points to the shocking clips of a Minnesota cop shooting Philando Castile in 2016 during a traffic stop and of a New York officer subduing Eric Garner in 2014 during an arrest for selling cigarettes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-neighborhoods-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-neighborhoods-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"Family members watch as Chicago police investigate a fatal shooting. Chicago is typical of many big US cities \u2014 most violent crime takes place in just a handful of neighborhoods. \" class=\"wp-image-23337968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-neighborhoods-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1535 1536w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-neighborhoods-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/chicago-neighborhoods-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>Family members watch as Chicago police investigate a fatal shooting. Chicago is typical of many big US cities \u2014 most violent crime takes place in just a handful of neighborhoods. <\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">AP<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cIt would be hard for anyone to watch those videos and not be disturbed by the sounds of men gasping for what would turn out to be their final breaths \u2014 and in the case of Castile, to watch a man die in front of a four-year-old child, who will have to deal with the trauma of having witnessed something even battle-hardened soldiers struggle to live with.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But these and other videos of cop abuse contributed \u201cto the increasingly widespread sense that police uses of force were far more common than they actually were.\u201d Actually, he writes, such violence is rare.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>He points to a 2018 study in which a team of doctors and a criminologist looked at injuries to suspects during arrests.\u00a0<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg?w=682\" alt=\"Among the many causes of the spike in big city violent crime, says author Mangual, is the end of the cash bail system during arrests for non-violent criminals. \" class=\"wp-image-23337958\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=1023 1023w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=682 682w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=341 341w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/rafael-mangual-1.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\"\/><\/a><figcaption>New York criminologist Rafael A. Mangual is the author of \u201cCriminal (In)Justice.\u201d<\/figcaption><figcaption><span class=\"credit\">Manhattan Institute<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u201cThe study analyzed more than 1 million calls for service, which resulted in more than 114,000 criminal arrests by officers in three midsized police departments \u2014 one in North Carolina, one in Arizona, and one in Louisiana,\u201d he writes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPolice officers used physical force in just 1 in every 128 of those arrests, meaning that more than 99 percent of those arrests were completed without the use of any force whatsoever. Moreover, based on expert medical examinations of the medical records of arrestees, the study went on to find that 98 percent of the suspects subjected to physical force \u2018sustained no or mild injury.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Mangual also argues that eliminating cash bail for suspects arrested for non-violent crimes has been a mistake in states like New York, which keeps letting more dangerous criminals back out on the street.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/criminal-injustice.jpg\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/criminal-injustice.jpg?w=683\" alt=\"Criminal Injustice by Rafael A. Mangual\" class=\"wp-image-23338030\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/criminal-injustice.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all 1024w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/criminal-injustice.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=683 683w, https:\/\/nypost.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2022\/08\/criminal-injustice.jpg?quality=75&amp;strip=all&amp;w=342 341w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<p>Instead, we should use a risk-evaluating formula \u2014 rather than weighing up the seriousness of a charge or trying to reduce the prison population \u2014 when figuring out who should get bail and who should be denied.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA fairer and more accurate way for judges to assess a given defendant\u2019s risk is through a validated algorithmic risk assessment tool (RAT), which calculates risk based on attaching weights to a variety of factors like criminal history and age,\u201d he writes. In other words, those who are older, have a job and\/or ties to the community, and have no violent criminal history should be given more leniency when deciding bail.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cA recent study by the Center for Court Innovation illustrated the predictive accuracy of such a tool \u2014 even across racial groups, which is a crucial criterion, given the opposition of some reformers who claim that racial bias is built into the algorithms.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPeople of good will can certainly disagree about the extent to which our criminal justice system [is] flawed, and they can disagree about how to go about improving that system,\u201d he writes.<\/p>\n<p>But the idea that it \u201cregularly brutalizes disfavored groups via overly draconian sentences and unjustifiably violent policing is nothing short of defamatory.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>[ad_2]<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/nypost.com\/2022\/08\/06\/why-a-small-number-of-criminals-perpetrate-the-worst-crimes-in-america\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1] In the summer of 2019, Brittany Hill was 24, and walking with her toddler&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learningtheory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34540"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34542,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34540\/revisions\/34542"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34540"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cjstudents.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}